Ls

NAMN

       ls - lista kataloginnehåll

SYNOPSIS

       ls [FLAGGOR]... [FIL]...

BESKRIVNING

       List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).  Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -a, --all

              do not ignore entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all

              do not list implied . and ..

       --author

              with -l, print the author of each file

       -b, --escape

              print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE

              with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below

       -B, --ignore-backups

              do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]

              colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below

       -d, --directory

              list directories themselves, not their contents

       -D, --dired

              generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color

       -F, --classify

              append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

       --file-type

              likewise, except do not append '*'

       --format=WORD

              across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

       --full-time

              like -l --time-style=full-iso

       -g     like -l, but do not list owner

       --group-directories-first

              group directories before files;

              can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

       -G, --no-group

              in a long listing, don't print group names

       -h, --human-readable

      --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H, --dereference-command-line

              follow symbolic links listed on the command line

       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir

              follow each command line symbolic link

              that points to a directory

       --hide=PATTERN

              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

       --hyperlink[=WHEN]

              hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'

       --indicator-style=WORD

              append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)

       -i, --inode

              print the index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN

              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k, --kibibytes

              default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage; used only with -s and per directory totals

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference

              when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid

              like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

       -N, --literal

              print entry names without quoting

       -o     like -l, but do not list group information

       -p, --indicator-style=slash

              append / indicator to directories

       -q, --hide-control-chars

              print ? instead of nongraphic characters

       --show-control-chars

              show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)

       -Q, --quote-name

              enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD

              use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)

       -r, --reverse

              reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive

              list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size

              print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size, largest first

       --sort=WORD

              sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)

       --time=WORD

              change the default of using modification times; access time (-u): atime, access, use; change time (-c): ctime, status; birth time: birth, creation;

              with -l, WORD determines which time to show; with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first)

       --time-style=TIME_STYLE

              time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

       -t     sort by time, newest first; see --time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS

              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     natural sort of (version) numbers within text

       -w, --width=COLS

              set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -Z, --context

              print any security context of each file

       -1     list one file per line.  Avoid '\n' with -q or -b

       -Q, --quote-name

              enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD

              use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)

       -r, --reverse

              reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive

              list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size

              print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size, largest first

       --sort=WORD

              sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)

       --time=WORD

              change the default of using modification times; access time (-u): atime, access, use; change time (-c): ctime, status; birth time: birth, creation;

              with -l, WORD determines which time to show; with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first)

       --time-style=TIME_STYLE

              time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

       -t     sort by time, newest first; see --time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS

              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     natural sort of (version) numbers within text

       -w, --width=COLS

              set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -Z, --context

              print any security context of each file

       -1     list one file per line.  Avoid '\n' with -q or -b

       --version

              output version information and exit

       The  SIZE  argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used,

       too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

       The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.  FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1).  If FORMAT is  FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,  then  FORMAT1  applies  to

       non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.  TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.  Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default

       style to use.

       Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to  a  termi‐

       nal.  The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.

Exit status:

       0      if OK,

       1      if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

       2      if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).

AUTHOR

       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS

       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>

       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'